Phase field simulation of the columnar dendritic growth and microsegregation in a binary alloy

This paper applies a phase field model for polycrystalline solidification in binary alloys to simulate the formation and growth of the columnar dendritic array under the isothermal and constant cooling conditions. The solidification process and microsegregation in the mushy zone are analysed in detail. It is shown that under the isothermal condition solidification will stop after the formation of the mushy zone, but dendritic coarsening will progress continuously, which results in the decrease of the total interface area. Under the constant cooling condition the mushy zone will solidify and coarsen simultaneously. For the constant cooling solidification, microsegregation predicted by a modified Brody- Flemings model is compared with the simulation results. It is found that the Fourier number which characterizes microsegregation is different for regions with different microstructures. Dendritic coarsening and the larger area of interface should account for the enhanced Fourier number in the region with well developed second dendritic arms.     

迥然不同的pV=nRθ与pV=nRT

理想气体的状态方程ｐＶ＝ｎＲθ,是依据三个实验定律进行热力学理论推导的结果。根据它可以用理想气体实现热力学温标。ｐＶ＝ｎＲＴ是依据实验事实得到的理想气体绝对温标的定义式。两者的物理意义是不相同的。     

也谈理想气体定义——兼对“理想气体的定义”一文质疑

主张为物质的理想模型下定义时要注意实验基础,在不同的数学阶段使用不同的理想气体定义,文中分析了从玻意耳－马略特定律导出焦耳定律某些方法的缺陷,指出了合理的证明方法。     

草酸镁二水合物的非等温热分解动力学

The thermal decomposition of the magnesium oxalate dihydrate in a static air atmosphere was investigated by TG-DTG techniques. The intermediate and residue of each decomposition were identified from their TG curve. The kinetic triplet, the activation energy E, the pre-exponential factor A and the mechanism functionsf（a） were obtained from analysis of the TG-DTG curves of thermal decomposition of the first stage and the second stage by the Popesou method and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method.     

关于氢在活性炭上高压吸附特性的实验研究

利用研制的大容量超级低温恒温槽,以20K为步长,首次在298K至77K,0到7MPa的大范围内系统地研究了氢在活性炭上的吸附特性。采用容积法测定了氢在AX-21活性炭上的一组吸/脱附等温线。通过将该组数据拟合到描述I-型等温线的诸理论模型,发现Dubinin-Astakhov方程在整个实验范围内与实验数据较好地吻合。由非线性回归定出的参数值,使该方程可以±4％的误差预测吸附量。根据该模型作出了三维吸附面,并解析地计算出等量吸附热。除低压部分外,计算值与实验值符合良好。最后讨论了D-A方程在超临界领域遇到的问题。     

溶胶-凝胶技术制备高效液相色谱氧化锆填料

 以氧氯化锆水解得到溶胶,然后以Span－80和Tween－85混合非离子表面活性剂为乳化剂、环己烷为有机相制成W／O型乳状液,用其控制粒度,可得到2～10μm的ZrO2凝胶微球。通过比表面积、孔容、孔径测试及对6种不同性质的物质的吸附试验表明,该微球产物可作为高效液相色谱填料。     

表面活性剂在低能固体表面上的吸附 Ⅲ: 聚苯乙烯胶乳粒子对阴离子表面活性剂的吸附

在无乳化剂的条件下合成了粒径均匀的聚苯乙烯胶乳.发展了应用表面张力计测定吸附等温线的连续平衡法,得到不同盐浓度和温度下聚苯乙烯胶乳对十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠的吸附等温线.它们属于Giles分类的L_2型或L_4型,采用两阶段吸附模式讨论了吸附机理、吸附层结构及等温线类型变化的规律。     

气固吸附等温线的研究进展

综述了近些年来在气固吸附理论研究领域对吸附等温线的研究进展。论述了从早期的BDDT的5种类型吸附等温线，到IUPAC的6种类型吸附等温线，再到基于Ono-kondo晶格模型的Gibbs吸附分类的5种类型吸附等温线．讨论了与各种类型吸附等温线类型相对应的吸附机理，并对滞留回环现象进行了解释和分析。     

关于[aU／ap]θ→∞的讨论

指出[aU/ap]θ→∞并不违反热力学第一定律,而一些文献对此有所误解。